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Optimization-based real-time open-loop control of an optofluidic refractive phase modulator

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Abstract

We present a novel open-loop control method for an electrostatically actuated optofluidic refractive phase modulator, and demonstrate its performance for high-order aberration correction. Contrary to conventional electrostatic deformable mirrors, an optofluidic modulator is capable of bidirectional (push–pull) actuation through hydro–mechanical coupling. Control methods based on matrix pseudo-inversion, the common approach used for deformable mirrors, thus perform sub-optimally for such a device. Instead, we formulate the task of finding driving voltages for a given desired wavefront shape as an optimization problem with inequality constraints that can be solved using an interior-point method in real time. We show that this optimization problem is a convex one and that its solution represents a global minimum in residual wavefront error. We use the new method to control both the refractive phase modulator and a conventional electrostatic deformable mirror, and experimentally demonstrate improved correction fidelity for both.

© 2019 Optical Society of America

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