Design and modeling of three-dimensional laser imaging system based on streak tube

Wenze Xia; Shaokun Han; Naeem Ullah; Jingya Cao; Liang Wang; Jie Cao; Yang Cheng; Haoyong Yu

doi:10.1364/AO.56.000487

Applied Optics
Vol. 56,
Issue 3,
pp. 487-497
(2017)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.56.000487

Design and modeling of three-dimensional laser imaging system based on streak tube

Wenze Xia, Shaokun Han, Naeem Ullah, Jingya Cao, Liang Wang, Jie Cao, Yang Cheng, and Haoyong Yu

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Wenze Xia, Shaokun Han, Naeem Ullah, Jingya Cao, Liang Wang, Jie Cao, Yang Cheng, and Haoyong Yu, "Design and modeling of three-dimensional laser imaging system based on streak tube," Appl. Opt. 56, 487-497 (2017)

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Abstract

In the streak tube laser imaging system, there are two conflicts: the first is between high spatial resolution and wide field of view (FOV). The second is between high temporal resolution and deep depth of field (DOF). In this paper, a new non-scanning streak tube laser imaging system is presented. A microlens array with three different apertures is used to non-uniformly collect data from the image plane so the conflict between high spatial resolution and wide FOV is relieved and the detectable range of system is also increased. A remapping fiber optics with special design is used to realign the image plane on the two photocathodes of streak tubes to realize the operation mode of the two streak tubes so the conflict between high temporal resolution and deep DOF is relieved. The mathematical model of the entire imaging system is established based on the range equation. The structure parameters of the receiving optical system are optimized in order to achieve the optimal utilization rate of light energy. In the third, three simulated contrast experiments are organized, and the experiment results demonstrate that the imaging system proposed in this paper possesses properties of higher spatial resolution, wider FOV, higher temporal resolution, deeper DOF, and larger detectable range.

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Beam	L1	L2	L3	L4	L5	L6
$r_{0} / μm$	$\frac{(R - h - r) f}{F}$	$\frac{(R - h + r) f}{F}$	$\frac{(h + r) f}{F}$	$\frac{(h - r) f}{F}$	$\frac{(R + h + r) f}{F}$	$\frac{(R + h - r) f}{F}$
$\tan θ$	$\frac{r}{f} + \frac{R - h - r}{F}$	$\frac{r}{f} - \frac{R - h + r}{F}$	$\frac{r}{f} - \frac{h + r}{F}$	$\frac{r}{f} + \frac{h - r}{F}$	$\frac{r}{f} - \frac{R + h + r}{F}$	$\frac{r}{f} + \frac{R + h - r}{F}$

Input Parameters	Value	Input Parameters	Value
Power of laser ( $P_{t}$ )	0.1 J	Fiber diameter ( $d_{in} / d_{ex}$ )	120/125 μm
Wavelength of laser ( $λ$ )	1064 nm	Numerical apertures (NA)	0.5
Width of laser pulse ( $t_{w}$ )	5 ns	Range length ( $L$ )	1000 m
Pulse shape coefficient ( $σ_{w} / p_{w}$ )	2/5 ns	Angular dispersion of target ( $θ_{r}$ )	$π$
Angular divergence of laser ( $θ_{t}$ )	0.024	Scanning speed of screen ( $v_{s}$ )	1.5 pixel/ns
Aperture radius ( $R$ )	50 mm	Range gate ( $L_{r}$ )	25.6 m
Focal length ( $F$ )	0.8 m	CCD pixels	$1024 \times 1024$
Radius of microlens ( $r$ )	62.5/125/250 μm	Atmospheric transmission ( $τ_{a}$ )	1
Focal length of microlens ( $f$ )	0.75 mm	Receiving efficiency ( $τ_{r}$ )	0.75
Ring number ( $n_{1} / n_{2} / n_{3}$ )	20/12/8	Conversion efficiency ( $τ_{s}$ )	1

Laser Beams		L1	L2	L3	L4	L5	L6
P1	$r_{0} / μm$	46.7	46.8	0.14	0.02	47.0	46.9
P1	$\tan θ$	0.15	0.02	0.08	0.08	0.02	0.15
P2	$r_{0} / μm$	43.6	43.7	3.29	3.17	50.2	50.0
P2	$\tan θ$	0.14	0.03	0.08	0.09	0.02	0.15
P3	$r_{0} / μm$	43.3	43.5	3.60	3.36	50.5	50.2
P3	$\tan θ$	0.22	0.11	0.16	0.17	0.10	0.23
P4	$r_{0} / μm$	39.6	39.9	7.24	7.01	54.1	53.9
P4	$\tan θ$	0.22	0.11	0.16	0.18	0.10	0.24
P5	$r_{0} / μm$	39.0	39.5	7.86	7.39	54.7	54.3
P5	$\tan θ$	0.39	0.28	0.32	0.34	0.26	0.41
P6	$r_{0} / μm$	34.4	34.8	12.5	12.0	59.4	58.9
P6	$\tan θ$	0.38	0.29	0.32	0.35	0.25	0.41

Beam	L1	L2	L3	L4	L5	L6
$r_{0} / μm$	$\frac{(R - h - r) f}{F}$	$\frac{(R - h + r) f}{F}$	$\frac{(h + r) f}{F}$	$\frac{(h - r) f}{F}$	$\frac{(R + h + r) f}{F}$	$\frac{(R + h - r) f}{F}$
$\tan θ$	$\frac{r}{f} + \frac{R - h - r}{F}$	$\frac{r}{f} - \frac{R - h + r}{F}$	$\frac{r}{f} - \frac{h + r}{F}$	$\frac{r}{f} + \frac{h - r}{F}$	$\frac{r}{f} - \frac{R + h + r}{F}$	$\frac{r}{f} + \frac{R + h - r}{F}$

Input Parameters	Value	Input Parameters	Value
Power of laser ( $P_{t}$ )	0.1 J	Fiber diameter ( $d_{in} / d_{ex}$ )	120/125 μm
Wavelength of laser ( $λ$ )	1064 nm	Numerical apertures (NA)	0.5
Width of laser pulse ( $t_{w}$ )	5 ns	Range length ( $L$ )	1000 m
Pulse shape coefficient ( $σ_{w} / p_{w}$ )	2/5 ns	Angular dispersion of target ( $θ_{r}$ )	$π$
Angular divergence of laser ( $θ_{t}$ )	0.024	Scanning speed of screen ( $v_{s}$ )	1.5 pixel/ns
Aperture radius ( $R$ )	50 mm	Range gate ( $L_{r}$ )	25.6 m
Focal length ( $F$ )	0.8 m	CCD pixels	$1024 \times 1024$
Radius of microlens ( $r$ )	62.5/125/250 μm	Atmospheric transmission ( $τ_{a}$ )	1
Focal length of microlens ( $f$ )	0.75 mm	Receiving efficiency ( $τ_{r}$ )	0.75
Ring number ( $n_{1} / n_{2} / n_{3}$ )	20/12/8	Conversion efficiency ( $τ_{s}$ )	1

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Applied Optics