Measurement of water vapor using an imaging field-widened spatial heterodyne spectrometer

J. A. Langille; B. Solheim; A. Bourassa; D. Degenstein; S. Brown; G. G. Shepherd

doi:10.1364/AO.56.004297

Applied Optics
Vol. 56,
Issue 15,
pp. 4297-4308
(2017)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.56.004297

Measurement of water vapor using an imaging field-widened spatial heterodyne spectrometer

J. A. Langille, B. Solheim, A. Bourassa, D. Degenstein, S. Brown, and G. G. Shepherd

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J. A. Langille, B. Solheim, A. Bourassa, D. Degenstein, S. Brown, and G. G. Shepherd, "Measurement of water vapor using an imaging field-widened spatial heterodyne spectrometer," Appl. Opt. 56, 4297-4308 (2017)

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Abstract

Spatial heterodyne spectroscopy (SHS) has been successfully applied to measure variations in water vapor pressure in the lab. An imaging system is combined with a monolithic field-widened SHS to observe a white-light source through a 1 m length water vapor cell that is designed to produce predictable variations in the water vapor pressure. The performance of the spectrometer design is examined by comparing spectra simulated using a radiative transfer model to observed spectra at several cell pressures. The intended application of the instrument to vertically resolve the water vapor profile in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere using limb-scattered radiation in a vibrational band of water (1363–1366 nm) is also introduced.

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Tangent Altitude (km)	Water Partial Pressures (mb)
18	60.1
22	41.3
26	27.3
38	13.1

Littrow Wavelength/Wavenumber	$1363.0 nm / 7336.76 {cm}^{- 1}$
Littrow angle	28.5 deg
Beam splitter	(45 deg) 50/50, BK7 glass, 77.0 mm wide, 81.0 mm high
Prism	ZnS prisms, 81.0 mm high, 15.227 mm thick at optical axis
Prism apex angle	Prism apex angle $15.96 \deg \pm 0.005 \deg$
Spacers and gratings	BK7 glass
Beam splitter to prism spacer angle	16.45 deg
Beam splitter to prism spacing	16.02 mm on optical axis
Prism-to-grating spacer angle	8.1 deg nominal, must be adjusted optically during assembly
Prism-to-grating spacing	8.49 mm on optical axis (nominal)
Prism normal to optical axis tilt	20.4 deg
Grating	$700 grooves / mm$ on BK7 substrate, $30 mm \times 50 mm$ grating area, grooves parallel with short side
Effective grating width	43.9 mm
Grating efficiency	$> 75 %$ @ 1363 nm
Spectral range	1363.0–1366.0 nm
Spectral resolution (max)	0.02 nm
Field widening	$\sim 4 \deg$ half angle
Volume	$150 mm \times 77 mm \times 81 mm$ (approx.)

Data	Number of Images
Dark images	10
Vacuum image	20
Water images	10 @each of the four cell pressures

Tangent Altitude (km)	Water Partial Pressures (mb)
18	60.1
22	41.3
26	27.3
38	13.1

Littrow Wavelength/Wavenumber	$1363.0 nm / 7336.76 {cm}^{- 1}$
Littrow angle	28.5 deg
Beam splitter	(45 deg) 50/50, BK7 glass, 77.0 mm wide, 81.0 mm high
Prism	ZnS prisms, 81.0 mm high, 15.227 mm thick at optical axis
Prism apex angle	Prism apex angle $15.96 \deg \pm 0.005 \deg$
Spacers and gratings	BK7 glass
Beam splitter to prism spacer angle	16.45 deg
Beam splitter to prism spacing	16.02 mm on optical axis
Prism-to-grating spacer angle	8.1 deg nominal, must be adjusted optically during assembly
Prism-to-grating spacing	8.49 mm on optical axis (nominal)
Prism normal to optical axis tilt	20.4 deg
Grating	$700 grooves / mm$ on BK7 substrate, $30 mm \times 50 mm$ grating area, grooves parallel with short side
Effective grating width	43.9 mm
Grating efficiency	$> 75 %$ @ 1363 nm
Spectral range	1363.0–1366.0 nm
Spectral resolution (max)	0.02 nm
Field widening	$\sim 4 \deg$ half angle
Volume	$150 mm \times 77 mm \times 81 mm$ (approx.)

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Equations (7)

Applied Optics