Operating wavelengths optimization for a spaceborne lidar measuring atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub>

Jérôme Caron; Yannig Durand

doi:10.1364/AO.48.005413

Applied Optics
Vol. 48,
Issue 28,
pp. 5413-5422
(2009)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.48.005413

Operating wavelengths optimization for a spaceborne lidar measuring atmospheric ${CO}_{2}$

Jérôme Caron and Yannig Durand

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Jérôme Caron and Yannig Durand, "Operating wavelengths optimization for a spaceborne lidar measuring atmospheric CO₂," Appl. Opt. 48, 5413-5422 (2009)

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Abstract

The Advanced Space Carbon and Climate Observation of Planet Earth (A-SCOPE) mission, a candidate for the next generation of European Space Agency Earth Explorer Core Missions, aims at measuring ${CO}_{2}$ concentration from space with an integrated path differential absorption (IPDA) lidar. We report the optimization of the lidar instrument operating wavelengths, building on two performance models developed to assess measurement random errors from the instrument, as well as knowledge errors on geophysical and spectral parameters required for the measurement processing. A promising approach to decrease sensitivity to water vapor errors by 1 order of magnitude is reported and illustrated. The presented methods are applicable for any airborne or spaceborne IPDA lidar.

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Operating Wavelength Set	InitialB1	InitialB2
On-line wavenumber [ ${cm}^{- 1}$ ]	6361.2246	4875.6487
Off-line wavenumber [ ${cm}^{- 1}$ ]	6356.50	4875.22
DAOD	0.7679	1.0989

	B1 ( $1.57 μm$ )	B2 ( $2.05 μm$ )
Laser pulse energy [mJ]	50	50
Telescope diameter [m]	1	1
Receiver path transmittance	0.65	0.65
Integration time $Δ t = Δ t_{BG}$ [ns]	200	200
Spacecraft altitude [km]	400	400
Number of measurements within $50 km = n$	346	346
Field of view [mrad]	0.200	0.200
Background filter bandwidth [nm]	2	2
Quantum efficiency $= Q_{e}$	0.75	0.75
Excess noise factor $= F$	5	1.5
NEP [ $f W / {Hz}^{0.5}$ ]	50	100

Operating Wavelength Set		InitialB1	InitialB2
RRE ( $S S E = 0 km$ , lidar reflectivity $= 0.035 {sr}^{- 1}$ )		0.00138	0.00255
Goal / threshold RRE requirements		$0.00069 / 0.00208$	$0.00153 / 0.00458$
Sensitivity to	on-line spectral position [ ${MHz}^{- 1}$ ]	$- 0.001001$	$- 0.000591$
	elevation increment [ ${km}^{- 1}$ ]	0.0928	0.2171
	temperature increment [ $K^{- 1}$ ]	0.000773	$- 0.002058$
	fraction error in pressure [−]	$- 0.735$	$- 1.653$
	fraction error in water mixing ratio [−]	0.00368	0.00547

Operating wavelength set	B1 (optimized)	B2 (new on-line)	B2 (optimized)
On-line wavenumber [ ${cm}^{- 1}$ ]	6361.2246	4875.59	4875.59
Off-line wavenumber [ ${cm}^{- 1}$ ]	6360.948	4875.22	4875.386
DAOD	0.7525	0.4484	0.4126

Operating Wavelength Set		B1 (optimized)	B2 (new on-line)	B2 (optimized)
RRE ( $S S E = 0 k m$ , lidar reflectivity $= 0.035 {s r}^{- 1}$ )		0.00141	0.00172	0.00187
Goal/threshold RRE requirements		$0.00068 / 0.00203$	$0.00166 / 0.00497$	$0.00164 / 0.00492$
Sensitivity To	on-line spectral position [ ${MHZ}^{- 1}$ ]	$- 0.001021$	$- 0.000456$	$- 0.000495$
	elevation increment [ ${k m}^{- 1}$ ]	0.0895	0.2450	0.2413
	temperature increment [ $K^{- 1}$ ]	0.000737	$- 0.001189$	$- 0.001358$
	fraction error in pressure [−]	$- 0.712$	$- 1.859$	$- 1.831$
	fraction error in water mixing ratio [−]	0.00334	0.00618	0.00455

Operating Wavelength Set	AlternativeB1	AlternativeB2
On-line wavenumber [ ${cm}^{- 1}$ ]	6332.68	4874.59
Off-line wavenumber [ ${cm}^{- 1}$ ]	6332.27	4874.9425
DAOD	0.7284	0.7453

Operating Wavelength Set		AlternativeB1	AlternativeB2
RRE ( $S S E = 0 km$ , lidar reflectivity $= 0.035 {sr}^{- 1}$ )		0.00139	0.00187
Goal/threshold RRE requirements		$0.00064 / 0.00193$	$0.00157 / 0.00470$
Sensitivity to	on-line spectral position [ ${MHz}^{- 1}$ ]	0.001102	0.000477
	elevation increment [ ${km}^{- 1}$ ]	0.0862	0.2317
	temperature increment [ $K^{- 1}$ ]	0.000720	0.000677
	fraction error in pressure [−]	$- 0.690$	$- 1.800$
	fraction error in water mixing ratio [−]	0.00032	$- 0.00011$

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Applied Optics