Traveling reference spectroradiometer for routine quality assurance of spectral solar ultraviolet irradiance measurements

Julian Gröbner; Josef Schreder; Stelios Kazadzis; Alkiviadis F. Bais; Mario Blumthaler; Peter Görts; Rick Tax; Tapani Koskela; Gunther Seckmeyer; Ann R. Webb; Diana Rembges

doi:10.1364/AO.44.005321

Applied Optics
Vol. 44,
Issue 25,
pp. 5321-5331
(2005)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.44.005321

Traveling reference spectroradiometer for routine quality assurance of spectral solar ultraviolet irradiance measurements

Julian Gröbner, Josef Schreder, Stelios Kazadzis, Alkiviadis F. Bais, Mario Blumthaler, Peter Görts, Rick Tax, Tapani Koskela, Gunther Seckmeyer, Ann R. Webb, and Diana Rembges

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Julian Gröbner, Josef Schreder, Stelios Kazadzis, Alkiviadis F. Bais, Mario Blumthaler, Peter Görts, Rick Tax, Tapani Koskela, Gunther Seckmeyer, Ann R. Webb, and Diana Rembges, "Traveling reference spectroradiometer for routine quality assurance of spectral solar ultraviolet irradiance measurements," Appl. Opt. 44, 5321-5331 (2005)

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Abstract

A transportable reference spectroradiometer for measuring spectral solar ultraviolet irradiance has been developed and validated. The expanded uncertainty of solar irradiance measurements with this reference spectroradiometer, based on the described methodology, is 8.8% to 4.6%, depending on the wavelength and the solar zenith angle. The accuracy of the spectroradiometer was validated by repeated site visits to two European UV monitoring sites as well as by regular comparisons with the reference spectroradiometer of the European Reference Centre for UV radiation measurements in Ispra, Italy. The spectral solar irradiance measurements of the Quality Assurance of Spectral Ultraviolet Measurements in Europe through the Development of a Transportable Unit (QASUME) spectroradiometer and these three spectroradiometers have agreed to better than 6% during the ten intercomparison campaigns held from 2002 to 2004. If the differences in irradiance scales of as much as 2% are taken into account, the agreement is of the order of 4% over the wavelength range of 300–400 nm.

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	Relative Standard Uncertainty (%)

Contribution	At 300 nm	At 310–400 nm
Transfer standard (PTB)	1.5	1.5
ECUV scale realization	0.7	0.7
Portable scale	0.8	0.4
Lamp transportation and aging	0.5	0.5
Combined uncertainty	1.9	1.8
Expanded uncertainty (k = 2)	3.8	3.6

	Relative Standard Uncertainty (%)

	In 2002				In 2003–2004

	SZA = 75°		SZA ≤ 50°		SZA = 75°		SZA ≤ 50°

Contribution	300 nm	310–400 nm	300 nm	310–400 nm	300 nm	310–400 nm	300 nm	310–400 nm
Radiometric calibration	1.9	1.8	1.9	1.8	1.9	1.8	1.9	1.8
Entrance optic (−0.11%/°C)	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.1	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.6
Angular response	1.6	2	1.6	2	0.4	0.8	0.4	0.8
Nonlinearity	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5
Stability^a	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3
Measurement noise	3	0.6	0.5	0.2	3	0.6	0.5	0.2
Wavelength shift	2.4	0.9	2.1	0.9	2.4	0.9	2.1	0.9
Combined uncertainty	4.7	3.2	3.5	3.1	4.4	2.4	3.0	2.3
Expanded uncertainty (k = 2)	9.4	6.4	7.0	6.2	8.8	4.8	6.0	4.6

	300–315 nm			315–400 (365) nm

Instrument	Days/Number of Scans	Average Ratio	Variability (%)^a	Average Ratio	Variability (%)^a
Joint intercomparison at ECUV in 2002
ECUV	7/140	0.99	3.5	0.98	3.4
FIJ	7/135	1.06	5.5	1.04	5.3
NLR	7/139	1.05	7.7	1.03	8.4
Site visits in 2002
FIJ	4/110	1.03	5.5	1.02	5.8
NLR	4/64	1.05	6.7	1.05	4.5
Site visits in 2003
ECUV	38/700	1.00	4.7	0.98	3.2
FIJ	4/113	1.03	4.6	1.02	4.3
NLR	5/78	1.00	4.3	0.99	4.4
Site visits in 2004
ECUV	4/69	1.01	3.6	0.99	2.8
NLR	3/73	1.01	7.0	1.00	5.7

Instrument	Monochromator Manufacturer	Model Number	Temperature Stabilized	Cosine Correction	Measured FWHM (nm)
QASUME	Bentham	DM-150	Yes	No	0.80
ECUV	Brewer	MKIII	No	No	0.55
FIJ	Brewer	MKIII	No	Yes	0.57
NLR	Dilor	XY50	Yes	Yes	0.32

	Relative Standard Uncertainty (%)

Contribution	At 300 nm	At 310–400 nm
Transfer standard (PTB)	1.5	1.5
ECUV scale realization	0.7	0.7
Portable scale	0.8	0.4
Lamp transportation and aging	0.5	0.5
Combined uncertainty	1.9	1.8
Expanded uncertainty (k = 2)	3.8	3.6

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Applied Optics