Aerosol lidar intercomparison in the framework of the EARLINET project. 1.
Instruments

Volker Matthais; Volker Freudenthaler; Aldo Amodeo; Ioan Balin; Dimitris Balis; Jens Bösenberg; Anatoly Chaikovsky; Georgius Chourdakis; Adolfo Comeron; Arnaud Delaval; Ferdinando De Tomasi; Ronald Eixmann; Arne Hågård; Leonce Komguem; Stephan Kreipl; Renaud Matthey; Vincenzo Rizi; José António Rodrigues; Ulla Wandinger; Xuan Wang

doi:10.1364/AO.43.000961

Applied Optics
Vol. 43,
Issue 4,
pp. 961-976
(2004)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.43.000961

Aerosol lidar intercomparison in the framework of the EARLINET project. 1. Instruments

Volker Matthais, Volker Freudenthaler, Aldo Amodeo, Ioan Balin, Dimitris Balis, Jens Bösenberg, Anatoly Chaikovsky, Georgius Chourdakis, Adolfo Comeron, Arnaud Delaval, Ferdinando De Tomasi, Ronald Eixmann, Arne Hågård, Leonce Komguem, Stephan Kreipl, Renaud Matthey, Vincenzo Rizi, José António Rodrigues, Ulla Wandinger, and Xuan Wang

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Volker Matthais, Volker Freudenthaler, Aldo Amodeo, Ioan Balin, Dimitris Balis, Jens Bösenberg, Anatoly Chaikovsky, Georgius Chourdakis, Adolfo Comeron, Arnaud Delaval, Ferdinando De Tomasi, Ronald Eixmann, Arne Hågård, Leonce Komguem, Stephan Kreipl, Renaud Matthey, Vincenzo Rizi, José António Rodrigues, Ulla Wandinger, and Xuan Wang, "Aerosol lidar intercomparison in the framework of the EARLINET project. 1. Instruments," Appl. Opt. 43, 961-976 (2004)

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Abstract

In the framework of the European Aerosol Research Lidar Network to Establish an Aerosol Climatology (EARLINET), 19 aerosol lidar systems from 11 European countries were compared. Aerosol extinction or backscatter coefficient profiles were measured by at least two systems for each comparison. Aerosol extinction coefficients were derived from Raman lidar measurements in the UV (351 or 355 nm), and aerosol backscatter profiles were calculated from pure elastic backscatter measurements at 351 or 355, 532, or 1064 nm. The results were compared for height ranges with high and low aerosol content. Some systems were additionally compared with sunphotometers and starphotometers. Predefined maximum deviations were used for quality control of the results. Lidar systems with results outside those limits could not meet the quality assurance criterion. The algorithms for deriving aerosol backscatter profiles from elastic lidar measurements were tested separately, and the results are described in Part 2 of this series of papers [Appl. Opt. 43, 977–989 (2004)]. In the end, all systems were quality assured, although some had to be modified to improve their performance. Typical deviations between aerosol backscatter profiles were 10% in the planetary boundary layer and 0.1 × 10^-6 m^-1 sr^-1 in the free troposphere.

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Corrections

Volker Matthias, Volker Freudenthaler, Aldo Amodeo, Ioan Balin, Dimitris Balis, Jens Bösenberg, Anatoly Chaikovsky, Georgius Chourdakis, Adolfo Comeron, Arnaud Delaval, Ferdinando De Tomasi, Ronald Eixmann, Arne Hågård, Leonce Komguem, Stephan Kreipl, Renaud Matthey, Vincenzo Rizi, José António Rodrigues, Ulla Wandinger, and Xuan Wang, "Aerosol lidar intercomparison in the framework of the EARLINET project. 1. Instruments: erratum," Appl. Opt. 43, 2578-2579 (2004)
https://opg.optica.org/ao/abstract.cfm?uri=ao-43-12-2578

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Abbreviation for Lidar Group	Elastic Channel (nm)			Raman Channel		Transportation System
Abbreviation for Lidar Group	355	532	1064	387	607	Transportation System
ab	Yes			Yes
at	Yes	Yes		Yes
ba		a	Yes			Yes
hhb	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes		Yes
gp	Yes	Yes	Yes			Yes
ju	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
kb	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
la	Yesc			Yesd
lc	Yesc			Yesd
le	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yese
li		a	Yes			Yes
lk	Yes					Yes
mi	Yesf	Yes	Yes
mu	Yes	Yes	Yes			Yes
na	Yesc			Yesd
ne	Yes	Yes	Yes			Yesg
pl		Yes	Yes
po	Yes	Yes		Yes
th	Yes	Yes		Yes

Lidar Group	Compared with	Date	Place	Comment
ab	hh	5/2001	Aberystwyth	Includes extinction
at	mu	9/2000	Athens
ba	hh	9/2000	Palaiseau
gp	mu	7/2001	Munich
ju	ne	5/2001	Jungfraujoch	With Neuchâtel microlidar
kb	mu	8/1998	Kühlungsborn	Within the German Lidar Network
la	mu	10/2000	L’Aquila
lc	mu	10/2000	Lecce
le	mu, hh	8/1998	Lindenberg	Within the German Lidar Network
li	hh	9/2000	Palaiseau	New intercomparisons in Barcelona in 6/2002
lk	hh	10/2000	Hamburg	New intercomparisons in Hamburg in 8/2001
mi	internal	4–6/2000	Minsk	Using two systems from Minsk
na	mu	10/2000	Naples
ne	hh	9/2000	Palaiseau	With Neuchâtel microlidar
ne	ne	4–5/2001	Neuchâtel	Neuchâtel stationary with microlidar
pl	hh	9/2000	Palaiseau	New intercomparisons in Neuchâtel in 6/2002
po	mu	10/2000	Potenza
th	mu	9/2000	Thessaloniki

Quantity	Mean Deviation	Standard Deviation	Minimum Height Interval (m)
Aerosol Extinction (355 nm)	<20%/0.5 × 10^-4 m^-1	<25%/1.0 × 10^-4 m^-1	1000
Aerosol backscatter
355 nm	<20%/0.5 × 10^-6 m^-1 sr^-1	<25%/0.5 × 10^-6 m^-1 sr^-1	2000
532 nm	<20%/0.5 × 10^-6 m^-1 sr^-1	<25%/0.5 × 10^-6 m^-1 sr^-1	2000
1064 nm	<30%/0.5 × 10^-6 m^-1 sr^-1	<30%/0.5 × 10^-6 m^-1 sr^-1	2000
Aerosol optical depth (355 nm)	<30%/0.1	<30%/0.1	2000

Date (UT)	Wavelength (nm)	Height Range (m)	Mean Deviation (×10^-6 m^-1 sr^-1)	Standard Deviation (×10^-6 m^-1 sr^-1)
09/08/1998 (22:30–23:00)	532	600–1300	0.04/7.7%	0.30/27.1%
		1500–3000	-0.03	0.09
11/08/1998 (12:07–12:12)	532	500–3200	0.07/8.6%	0.16/12.6%
11/08/1998 (21:15–21:45)	355	600–2000	0.38/11.3%	0.70/18.5%
		2400–3800	-0.06	0.22
11/08/1998 (21:15–21:45)	532	600–2000	0.23/2.9%	0.56/17.2%
		2400–3800	0.15	0.32
11/08/1998 (21:15–21:45)	1064	600–2000	0.07/5.6%	0.10/9.3%
		2400–4300	-0.09	0.10

UT on 11/08/1998	Wavelength (nm)		Height Range (m)	Mean Deviation (×10^-6 m^-1 sr^-1)	Standard Deviation (×10^-6 m^-1 sr^-1)
UT on 11/08/1998	Munich	Hamburg	Height Range (m)	Mean Deviation (×10^-6 m^-1 sr^-1)	Standard Deviation (×10^-6 m^-1 sr^-1)
12:07–12:12	355	351	500–3200	0.43/16.1%	0.59/19.7%
21:15–21:45	355	351	600–2000	0.01/1.5%	0.26/7.5%
			2400–3800	-0.04	0.2

Date (UT)	Wavelength (nm)		Height Range (m)	Mean Deviation (×10^-6 m^-1 sr^-1)	Standard Deviation (×10^-6 m^-1 sr^-1)
Date (UT)	Leipzig		Height Range (m)	Mean Deviation (×10^-6 m^-1 sr^-1)	Standard Deviation (×10^-6 m^-1 sr^-1)
09/08/1998 (22:30–23:00)	355	320	600–1300	0.38/39.0%	0.48/53.0%
			1600–3000	0.13	0.14
11/08/1998 (21:15–21:45)	355	351	600–2000	0.38/12.9%	0.62/16.2%
			2400–3800	0.15	0.32

Date (UT)	Height Range (m)	Mean Deviation (10^-6 m^-1 sr^-1)	Standard Deviation (10^-6 m^-1 sr^-1)
22/09/2000 (18:10–18:15)	1200–4000	0.05/2.2%	0.21/9.5%
	4300–7000	0.02	0.04
23/09/2000 (9:40–9:45)	2000–3200	0.01/0.3%	0.36/19.2%
	3400–6500	0.02	0.04
23/09/2000 (10:05–10:25)	2000–3300	0.18/10.6%	0.24/13.8%
	3400–7000	0.00	0.03
23/09/2000 (11:20–11:50)	2000–3000	0.14/8.9%	0.16/10.5%
	3300–7000	0.03	0.04

Date (UT)	Wavelength (nm)	Height Range (m)	Mean Deviation (×10^-6 m^-1 sr^-1)	Standard Deviation (×10^-6 m^-1 sr^-1)
10/10/2000 (16:20–17:02)	355	1800–2500	-0.21/-14.1%	0.28/19.0%
		3000–7000	-0.02	0.07
10/10/2000 (16:20–17:02)	532	1800–2500	-0.03/3.2%	-0.07/8.3%
		3000–7000	0.01	0.03
11/10/2000 (10:21–10:28)	355	1800–3500	-0.06/3.8%	0.20/12.7%
		4000–5500	0.03	0.22
11/10/2000 (10:21–10:28)	532	1800–3500	-0.02/-2.7%	0.07/8.1%
		4000–9000	-0.01	0.08
11/10/2000 (11:58–12:02)	355	1700–3500	-0.03/-1.8%	0.14/8.0%
		4000–5000	0.03	0.30
11/10/2000 (11:58–12:02)	532	1700–3500	-0.04/-4.1%	0.11/12.5%
		4000–7500	-0.01	0.14

Date (UT)	Height Range (m)	Mean Deviation (×10^-6 m^-1 sr^-1)	Standard Deviation (×10^-6 m^-1 sr^-1)
11/09/2000 (19:40–20:00)	400–1300	0.34/33.3%	0.37/36.9%
	2000–9800	0.02	0.05
13/09/2000 (14:51–15:08)	300–2400	0.02/1.5%	0.36/21.9%
	2500–4700	0.03	0.29
14/09/2000 (20:30–21:00)	300–1300	-0.37/-17.9%	0.40/19.3%
	1500–9000	0.03	0.05

Date (UT)	Height Range (m)	Mean Deviation (×10^-4 m^-1)	Standard Deviation (×10^-4 m^-1)
06/05/2001 (20:30–20:45)	500–1800	0.05/2.1%	0.79/35.5%
	2400–5000	0.13	0.36
07/05/2001 (20:44–21:44)	1100–1800	-0.04/-0.2%	0.32/20.8%
	2400–4000	-0.06	0.21

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Applied Optics