Aerosol lidar intercomparison in the framework of the EARLINET project. 3. Raman
lidar algorithm for aerosol extinction, backscatter, and lidar ratio

Gelsomina Pappalardo; Aldo Amodeo; Marco Pandolfi; Ulla Wandinger; Albert Ansmann; Jens Bösenberg; Volker Matthias; Vassilis Amiridis; Ferdinando De Tomasi; Max Frioud; Marco Iarlori; Leonce Komguem; Alexandros Papayannis; Francesc Rocadenbosch; Xuan Wang

doi:10.1364/AO.43.005370

Applied Optics
Vol. 43,
Issue 28,
pp. 5370-5385
(2004)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.43.005370

Aerosol lidar intercomparison in the framework of the EARLINET project. 3. Raman lidar algorithm for aerosol extinction, backscatter, and lidar ratio

Gelsomina Pappalardo, Aldo Amodeo, Marco Pandolfi, Ulla Wandinger, Albert Ansmann, Jens Bösenberg, Volker Matthias, Vassilis Amiridis, Ferdinando De Tomasi, Max Frioud, Marco Iarlori, Leonce Komguem, Alexandros Papayannis, Francesc Rocadenbosch, and Xuan Wang

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Gelsomina Pappalardo, Aldo Amodeo, Marco Pandolfi, Ulla Wandinger, Albert Ansmann, Jens Bösenberg, Volker Matthias, Vassilis Amiridis, Ferdinando De Tomasi, Max Frioud, Marco Iarlori, Leonce Komguem, Alexandros Papayannis, Francesc Rocadenbosch, and Xuan Wang, "Aerosol lidar intercomparison in the framework of the EARLINET project. 3. Raman lidar algorithm for aerosol extinction, backscatter, and lidar ratio," Appl. Opt. 43, 5370-5385 (2004)

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Abstract

An intercomparison of the algorithms used to retrieve aerosol extinction and backscatter starting from Raman lidar signals has been performed by 11 groups of lidar scientists involved in the European Aerosol Research Lidar Network (EARLINET). This intercomparison is part of an extended quality assurance program performed on aerosol lidars in the EARLINET. Lidar instruments and aerosol backscatter algorithms were tested separately. The Raman lidar algorithms were tested by use of synthetic lidar data, simulated at 355, 532, 386, and 607 nm, with realistic experimental and atmospheric conditions taken into account. The intercomparison demonstrates that the data-handling procedures used by all the lidar groups provide satisfactory results. Extinction profiles show mean deviations from the correct solution within 10% in the planetary boundary layer (PBL), and backscatter profiles, retrieved by use of algorithms based on the combined Raman elastic-backscatter lidar technique, show mean deviations from solutions within 20% up to 2 km. The intercomparison was also carried out for the lidar ratio and produced profiles that show a mean deviation from the solution within 20% in the PBL. The mean value of this parameter was also calculated within a lofted aerosol layer at higher altitudes that is representative of typical layers related to special events such as Saharan dust outbreaks, forest fires, and volcanic eruptions. Here deviations were within 15%.

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Location of Lidar Station	Code	Raman Algorithm
Aberystwyth	ab	Linear and quadratic fit
Athens	at	Sliding average filter and polynomial fit
Barcelona	ba	Weighted gliding window for spatial averaging, least-squares linear fit
Hamburg	hh	Sliding average
L’Aquila	la	Second-order digital Savitzky-Golay filter
Lecce	lc	Sliding linear least-squares fit
Leipzig	le	Sliding linear least-squares fit
Napoli	na	Sliding linear fit
Neuchâtel	ne	Sliding average
Potenza	po	Sliding linear least-squares fit
Thessaloniki	th	Least-squares fit

Lidar Station	Spatial Resolution
Lidar Station	At 355 nm	At 532 nm
ab	75 m up to 1500 m, 225 m up to 4.5 km, and 375 m above 4.5 km	150 m up to 1725 m and 300 m above 1725 m
at	45 m up to 800 m, 75 m up to 4000 m, and 105 m above 4000 km	45 m up to 1000 m, 75 m up to 4000 m, and 105 m above 4000 m
ba	210 m up to 1747.5 m, 360 m up to 4627.5 m, and 1440 m up to 6007.5 m	90 m up to 1747.5 m, 360 m up to 4627.5 m, and 720 m up to 6007.5 m
hh	180 m up to 1387 m and 480 m above 1387 m	180 m up to 1387 m and 480 m above 1387 m
la	100–700 m, linearly increasing	100–700 m, linearly increasing
lc	150 m up to 1750 m and 450 m above 1750 m	150 m up to 1500 m and 450 m above 1500 m
le	160 m up to 750 m, 320 m up to 2100 m, and 1060 m above 2100 m	160 m up to 700 m, 320 m up to 2000 m, and 800 m above 2000 m
na	180 m fixed	180 m fixed
ne	150–825 m, linearly increasing	150–825 m, linearly increasing
po	150 m up to 900 m, 300 m up to 2000 m, and 780 m above 2000 m	150 up to 700 m, 300 up to 1900 m, and 735 above 1900 m
th	45 m up to 800 m and 75 m above 800 m	45 m up to 800 m and 75 m above 800 m

Lidar Station	At 355 nm			At 532 nm
Lidar Station	350–2000 m	2000–3000 m	3000–4400 m	350–2000 m	2000–3000 m	3000–4400 m
ab	-0.57	0.02	0.02	-0.11	-0.01	-0.19
at	-0.18	-0.201	0.05	-0.25	0.09	-0.03
ba	-0.21	0.26	0.07	-0.001	0.05	-0.03
hh	0.32	-0.07	0.15	0.38	0.12	-0.01
la	-0.06	-0.11	0.06	0.04	0.09	-0.05
lc	0.05	0.63	0.42	0.06	-0.06	0.22
le	0.12	-0.01	-8 × 10^-5	0.12	0.04	-0.07
na	-0.42	-0.08	0.07	0.003	0.04	-0.09
ne	-0.51	0.11	0.07	-0.41	0.03	-0.11
po	0.03	0.08	0.08	0.10	0.03	-0.06
th	-0.12	-0.38	-0.35	-0.10	0.04	0.06

Lidar Station	At 355 nm			At 532 nm
Lidar Station	350–2000 m	2000–3000 m	3000–4400 m	350–2000 m	2000–3000 m	3000–4400 m
ab	-0.28	0.12	-0.09	-0.02	0.17	-0.18
at	0.06	-0.05	-0.39	0.18	0.05	-0.60
ba	-0.14	0.03	-0.03	-0.10	0.16	0.05
hh	0.18	0.20	-0.01	0.04	0.12	-0.08
la	0.19	0.11	0.12	0.07	0.06	-0.01
lc	0.13	0.17	0.09	0.12	0.05	-0.05
le	0.08	0.17	0.10	0.06	0.04	-0.05
na	0.33	0.19	0.13	0.16	0.10	0.01
ne	0.09	0.02	0.05	0.07	-0.01	0.03
po	0.23	0.03	0.07	0.09	0.03	-0.05
th	-0.09	0.16	-0.45	-0.05	0.09	-0.57

Lidar Group	At 355 nm			At 532 nm
Lidar Group	350–2000 m	2000–3000 m	3000–4400 m	350–2000 m	2000–3000 m	3000–4400 m
ab	0.79	0.37	0.21	0.09	0.09	-0.20
at	-0.18	-0.23	-0.57	-0.03	-0.01	-0.10
ba	-0.76	-0.40	-0.54	-0.64	-0.25	-0.32
hh	-0.87	-0.58	-0.66	-0.30	-0.16	-0.22
la	-0.36	-0.22	-0.36	0.15	0.06	0.11
lc	-0.003	0.20	0.13	-0.15	-0.02	0.14
le	0.54	-0.09	-0.29	-0.11	-0.11	-0.15
na	-0.79	-0.12	-0.30	-0.09	-0.02	-0.01
ne	-0.26	-0.002	-0.16	0.23	0.15	0.33
po	-0.03	-0.01	-0.10	0.05	0.003	0.10
th	-0.29	-0.37	-0.44	-0.003	-0.02	-0.11

Lidar Group	Mean Lidar Ratio (sr)
Lidar Group	At 355 nm (3.6–3.9 km)	At 532 nm (3.6–3.9 km)
ab	69 ± 12	44 ± 7
at	58 ± 8	47 ± 5
ba	57 ± 14	56 ± 4
hh	63 ± 4	49 ± 1
la	61 ± 6	49 ± 2
lc	61 ± 5	51 ± 3
le	59 ± 6	47 ± 3
na	56 ± 4	48 ± 2
ne	55 ± 12	48 ± 8
po	56 ± 6	48 ± 2
th	58 ± 8	51 ± 5
solution	60	50

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Applied Optics