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Third-order nonlinear optical properties of sol–gel-derived V2O5, Nb2O5, and Ta2O5 thin films

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Abstract

The third-order nonlinear optical properties of sol–gel-derived V2O5, Nb2O5, and Ta2O5 thin films have been investigated by the third-harmonic-generation method, and the effect of the metal–oxygen bond length on the third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility χ(3) has been examined. The χ(3) values of V2O5, Nb2O, and Ta2O5 thin films were 1.1 × 10−11, 1.3 × 10−12, and 6.1 × 10−13 esu, respectively, which corresponds to an increase in the average bond length lb of the order of V–O (lb = 0.183 nm), Nb–O (lb= 0.200 nm), and Ta–O (lb = 0.204 nm). The current and previous results indicate that χ(3) of these transition metal oxides with the empty d orbitals is dominated mainly by the metal–oxygen bond length rather than the valence of the metal cation. It is predicted on the basis of Lines' model that transition metal oxides with the shortest lb exhibit the highest χ(3), whereas nontransition metal oxides with the longest lb exhibit the highest χ(3).

© 1995 Optical Society of America

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