J. A. Sunesson, A. Apituley, and D. P. J. Swart, "Differential absorption lidar system for routine monitoring of tropospheric ozone," Appl. Opt. 33, 7045-7058 (1994)
A differential absorption lidar system for routine profiling of tropospheric ozone for daytime and nighttime operation is described. The system uses stimulated Raman scattering in hydrogen and deuterium of 266-nm radiation from a quadrupled Nd:YAG laser. Ozone profiles from altitudes of 600 m to approximately 5 km have been obtained with analog detection. Implementing corrections for differential Rayleigh scattering, differential absorption from oxygen, sulphur dioxide, and nitrogen dioxide, and differential aerosol extinction and backscatter can reduce the total system inaccuracy to 5–15% for a clear day and 20–30% for a hazy day, except at the top of the mixed layer. Photon counting must be installed to increase the measurement range from 5 to 15 km. An example of an application of routine measurements of tropospheric ozone profiles is given.
Jean-Luc Baray, Jean Leveau, Jacques Porteneuve, Gérard Ancellet, Philippe Keckhut, Françoise Posny, and Serge Baldy Appl. Opt. 38(33) 6808-6817 (1999)
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Uncertainties will remain after correction and will add to the noise in the derived ozone values.
Clear, visiblity 10 km, pollution 50th percentile; hazy, visibility 2 km, pollution 95th percentile.
The uncertainty estimates for the aerosol errors are coupled and are included in Table 5, below.
50th percentile, 9.5 × 1016m−3 (10 μg/m3); 95th percentile, 2.8 × 1017 m−3 (30 μg/m3).
50th percentile, 5.2 × 1017m−3 (40 μg/m3); 95th percentile, 1.0 × 1018m−3 (79 μg/m3).
Backscatter-to-extinction ratio 0.028 sr−1, wavelength dependence 0.9.
Deviations going out of the mixed layer. A negative error is followed by a positive deviation.
Errors caused by Rayleigh extinction and oxygen absorption have been removed. Noise figures are for 1000 laser shots, with 90% attenuator and analog detection.
All errors are removed. Noise figures are for 4000 laser shots, with 90% attenuator and analog detection.
Uncertainties will remain after correction and will add to the noise in the derived ozone values.
Clear, visiblity 10 km, pollution 50th percentile; hazy, visibility 2 km, pollution 95th percentile.
The uncertainty estimates for the aerosol errors are coupled and are included in Table 5, below.
50th percentile, 9.5 × 1016m−3 (10 μg/m3); 95th percentile, 2.8 × 1017 m−3 (30 μg/m3).
50th percentile, 5.2 × 1017m−3 (40 μg/m3); 95th percentile, 1.0 × 1018m−3 (79 μg/m3).
Backscatter-to-extinction ratio 0.028 sr−1, wavelength dependence 0.9.
Deviations going out of the mixed layer. A negative error is followed by a positive deviation.
Errors caused by Rayleigh extinction and oxygen absorption have been removed. Noise figures are for 1000 laser shots, with 90% attenuator and analog detection.
All errors are removed. Noise figures are for 4000 laser shots, with 90% attenuator and analog detection.
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