Wavelength multiplexing in multimode optical fibers

W. J. Tomlinson

doi:10.1364/AO.16.002180

Applied Optics
Vol. 16,
Issue 8,
pp. 2180-2194
(1977)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.16.002180

Wavelength multiplexing in multimode optical fibers

W. J. Tomlinson

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W. J. Tomlinson, "Wavelength multiplexing in multimode optical fibers," Appl. Opt. 16, 2180-2194 (1977)

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Abstract

The capacity of optical fiber transmission systems could be increased by multiplexing several signals at different wavelengths on each fiber. This paper considers various multiplex system designs that might be used with multimode fiber transmission systems. In each case, the required multiplexer size and material properties are calculated as functions of the basic parameters of the fiber system. For fiber systems of the type currently being tested, a compact (~2 mm in diameter × 1 cm long), rugged, three-channel multiplexer could be constructed using a blazed plane reflection grating and graded-refractive-index (GRIN) optics; and it appears that such devices could be produced using available materials and technology. Multiplexers using thick gratings or multilayer dielectric filters are larger, more complicated, and require materials at the very edge of available technology. Multiplexers using a multiple thick grating or hologram could be even smaller than the blazed-grating devices, but materials having the required characteristics have not been demonstrated.

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Equations (56)

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δλ	dx Δλ	Insertion loss (dB)	Crosstalk (dB)
Δλ	dλ d	Insertion loss (dB)	Crosstalk (dB)
0.1	1.0	0.59	−14.27
	1.11	0.66	−∞
	1.0	1.27	−9.83
0.2	1.13	1.46	−14.54
	1.25	1.64	−∞

Wavelength sensitive device	Blazed reflection grating		Thick phase reflection grating
Wavelength sensitive device	Blazed reflection grating		Simple grating		Multiple grating
n′	1.0	1.5	1.0	1.5	1.0	1.5
b(mm)	1.8	1.2	4.4	2.9	0.77	0.51
f(mm)	4.5	4.5	11	11	1.9	1.9
L/4(mm)	10.6	7.1	25.9	17.3	4.5	3.0
r_rod(mm)	0.90	0.60	2.2	1.47	0.39	0.26
r_rod/L	0.021	0.021	0.021	0.021	0.021	0.021
r _obj /r_rod	0.091	0.137	0.013	0.019	0.21	0.32

Wavelength sensitive element	Number of elements			Approximate overall dimensions (cm)	Polarization sensitivity	Crosstalk	Comments
Wavelength sensitive element	Wavelength-sensitive elements	Collimators	Spacers	Approximate overall dimensions (cm)	Polarization sensitivity	Crosstalk	Comments
Prism (Littrow Mount)	1	1	1	4 × 2 × 1.5 (Depends on materials)	Weak	Low	Too large with currently available materials
Blazed plane reflection grating	1	1	1	0.2 diam × 1	Weak	Low	Practical device with currently available materials
Simple thick reflection grating	2	4	4	5 × 3 × ½	Strong	High	Materials not currently available. Requires multiple elements
Multiple thick reflection grating (θ ≈ 0)	1	1	0	0.1 diam × ½	Weak	Med.	Materials not currently available
Simple thick transmission grating	2	4	4	—	Strong	High	Too sensitive to wavelength errors. Materials not currently available. Requires multiple elements.

δλ	dx Δλ	Insertion loss (dB)	Crosstalk (dB)
Δλ	dλ d	Insertion loss (dB)	Crosstalk (dB)
0.1	1.0	0.59	−14.27
	1.11	0.66	−∞
	1.0	1.27	−9.83
0.2	1.13	1.46	−14.54
	1.25	1.64	−∞

Wavelength sensitive device	Blazed reflection grating		Thick phase reflection grating
Wavelength sensitive device	Blazed reflection grating		Simple grating		Multiple grating
n′	1.0	1.5	1.0	1.5	1.0	1.5
b(mm)	1.8	1.2	4.4	2.9	0.77	0.51
f(mm)	4.5	4.5	11	11	1.9	1.9
L/4(mm)	10.6	7.1	25.9	17.3	4.5	3.0
r_rod(mm)	0.90	0.60	2.2	1.47	0.39	0.26
r_rod/L	0.021	0.021	0.021	0.021	0.021	0.021
r _obj /r_rod	0.091	0.137	0.013	0.019	0.21	0.32

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Equations (56)

Applied Optics