Ernest V. Loewenstein, Donald R. Smith, and Robert L. Morgan, "Optical Constants of Far Infrared Materials. 2: Crystalline Solids," Appl. Opt. 12, 398-406 (1973)
The far infrared optical constants of four crystalline materials at room temperature and at 1.5 K are reported. The materials are crystal quartz, sapphire, germanium, and silicon. The first two of these are birefringent (uniaxial) and both sets of optical constants are reported. The measurements extend over the range from 30 cm−1 to 350 cm−1.
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The estimated uncertainty in the refractive indices is ±0.001, in the absorption coefficients it is ±0.2 for absorption coefficients up to 2.0, and ±10% for higher values of absorption coefficients.
Table III
Zero Frequency Refractive Indices of Crystal Quartza
Temp.
Ordinary ray
Extraordinary ray
300 K
2.112
2.153
1.5 K
2.108
2.139
Estimated experimental error is ±0.001.
Table IV
Dispersion Parameters for Crystal Quartz Ordinary Ray
Uncertainty in the refractive index is ±0.002. Uncertainty in the room temperature values of absorption coefficient is ±10%. In the 1.5 K absorption coefficient the uncertainty is ±0.3.
Estimated experimental error ±0.002 for all cases.
Table VII
Optical Constants of Germaniuma
T = 300 K
T = 1.5 K
σ
n
α (cm−1)
n
α (cm−1)
30
4.006
0.1
3.928
0.1
40
4.006
0.2
3.928
0.1
50
4.006
0.3
3.927
0.2
60
4.006
0.3
3.927
0.2
70
4.006
0.4
3.926
0.2
80
4.006
0.5
3.926
0.2
90
4.006
0.7
3.926
0.2
100
4.006
1.3
3.925
0.3
110
4.006
1.8
3.925
0.3
120
4.006
1.8
3.925
0.4
130
4.006
1.5
3.925
0.5
140
4.006
1.4
3.925
0.6
150
4.006
1.6
3.925
0.8
160
4.006
2.0
3.925
1.0
170
4.006
2.4
3.925
1.1
180
4.006
2.8
3.925
1.2
190
4.006
3.3
3.925
1.2
200
4.006
3.5
3.925
1.4
210
4.006
3.3
3.926
1.7
220
4.007
3.0
3.926
2.0
230
4.007
2.9
3.926
2.4
240
4.007
3.1
3.926
2.7
250
4.008
5.1
3.926
3.1
260
4.008
7.6
3.926
3.6
270
4.008
10.6
3.926
4.3
280
4.005
12.0
3.926
5.0
290
4.005
11.7
3.926
5.3
300
4.006
11.1
3.926
5.3
310
4.006
11.2
3.926
5.3
320
4.007
12.5
3.926
5.8
330
4.007
16.5
3.926
6.8
340
4.007
25.0
3.927
8.2
The estimated uncertainty in the refractive index is ±0.002, in absorption coefficient ±0.2 for 30 ≤ σ ≤ 200 cm−1, and ±10% for σ > 200 cm−1.
Table VIII
Optical Constants of Silicon
T = 300 K
T = 1.5 K
σ
n
α (cm−1)
n
α (cm−1)
30
3.4155
0.4
3.3818
0.1
40
3.4160
0.5
3.3820
0.1
50
3.4165
0.5
3.3828
0.2
60
3.4170
0.6
3.3832
0.2
70
3.4175
0.7
3.3835
0.2
80
3.4180
0.7
3.3837
0.3
90
3.4182
0.8
3.3840
0.3
100
3.4185
0.9
3.3842
0.3
110
3.4188
0.9
3.3844
0.4
120
3.4190
1.0
3.3846
0.4
130
3.4191
1.0
3.3848
0.4
140
3.4192
1.1
3.3850
0.5
150
3.4194
1.1
3.3852
0.5
160
3.4195
1.2
3.3854
0.6
170
3.4195
1.2
3.3855
0.6
180
3.4196
1.3
3.3856
0.7
190
3.4197
1.4
3.3857
0.7
200
3.4197
1.4
3.3857
0.8
210
3.4198
1.5
3.3857
0.8
220
3.4198
1.6
3.3857
0.9
230
3.4198
1.6
3.3858
1.0
240
3.4198
1.7
3.3858
1.0
250
3.4199
1.8
3.3859
1.1
260
3.4199
1.9
3.3859
1.2
270
3.4200
2.0
3.3860
1.2
280
3.4200
2.1
3.3861
1.3
290
3.4200
2.2
3.3862
1.4
300
3.4200
2.4
3.3863
1.5
310
3.4200
2.5
3.3865
1.6
320
3.4200
2.7
3.3867
1.7
330
3.4200
2.9
3.3871
1.8
340
3.4200
3.2
3.3875
1.9
350
3.4200
3.4
3.3878
2.1
The estimated uncertainty in the refractive index is ±0.002; the extra significant figure in this table is only given as an indication of the potential precision of the data, which are limited by our knowledge of the sample thickness. The precision of the data, by contrast, depends on the accuracy with which we can locate zero crossings. The uncertainty in the absorption coefficient is estimated to be ±0.2.
The estimated uncertainty in the refractive indices is ±0.001, in the absorption coefficients it is ±0.2 for absorption coefficients up to 2.0, and ±10% for higher values of absorption coefficients.
Table III
Zero Frequency Refractive Indices of Crystal Quartza
Temp.
Ordinary ray
Extraordinary ray
300 K
2.112
2.153
1.5 K
2.108
2.139
Estimated experimental error is ±0.001.
Table IV
Dispersion Parameters for Crystal Quartz Ordinary Ray
Uncertainty in the refractive index is ±0.002. Uncertainty in the room temperature values of absorption coefficient is ±10%. In the 1.5 K absorption coefficient the uncertainty is ±0.3.
Estimated experimental error ±0.002 for all cases.
Table VII
Optical Constants of Germaniuma
T = 300 K
T = 1.5 K
σ
n
α (cm−1)
n
α (cm−1)
30
4.006
0.1
3.928
0.1
40
4.006
0.2
3.928
0.1
50
4.006
0.3
3.927
0.2
60
4.006
0.3
3.927
0.2
70
4.006
0.4
3.926
0.2
80
4.006
0.5
3.926
0.2
90
4.006
0.7
3.926
0.2
100
4.006
1.3
3.925
0.3
110
4.006
1.8
3.925
0.3
120
4.006
1.8
3.925
0.4
130
4.006
1.5
3.925
0.5
140
4.006
1.4
3.925
0.6
150
4.006
1.6
3.925
0.8
160
4.006
2.0
3.925
1.0
170
4.006
2.4
3.925
1.1
180
4.006
2.8
3.925
1.2
190
4.006
3.3
3.925
1.2
200
4.006
3.5
3.925
1.4
210
4.006
3.3
3.926
1.7
220
4.007
3.0
3.926
2.0
230
4.007
2.9
3.926
2.4
240
4.007
3.1
3.926
2.7
250
4.008
5.1
3.926
3.1
260
4.008
7.6
3.926
3.6
270
4.008
10.6
3.926
4.3
280
4.005
12.0
3.926
5.0
290
4.005
11.7
3.926
5.3
300
4.006
11.1
3.926
5.3
310
4.006
11.2
3.926
5.3
320
4.007
12.5
3.926
5.8
330
4.007
16.5
3.926
6.8
340
4.007
25.0
3.927
8.2
The estimated uncertainty in the refractive index is ±0.002, in absorption coefficient ±0.2 for 30 ≤ σ ≤ 200 cm−1, and ±10% for σ > 200 cm−1.
Table VIII
Optical Constants of Silicon
T = 300 K
T = 1.5 K
σ
n
α (cm−1)
n
α (cm−1)
30
3.4155
0.4
3.3818
0.1
40
3.4160
0.5
3.3820
0.1
50
3.4165
0.5
3.3828
0.2
60
3.4170
0.6
3.3832
0.2
70
3.4175
0.7
3.3835
0.2
80
3.4180
0.7
3.3837
0.3
90
3.4182
0.8
3.3840
0.3
100
3.4185
0.9
3.3842
0.3
110
3.4188
0.9
3.3844
0.4
120
3.4190
1.0
3.3846
0.4
130
3.4191
1.0
3.3848
0.4
140
3.4192
1.1
3.3850
0.5
150
3.4194
1.1
3.3852
0.5
160
3.4195
1.2
3.3854
0.6
170
3.4195
1.2
3.3855
0.6
180
3.4196
1.3
3.3856
0.7
190
3.4197
1.4
3.3857
0.7
200
3.4197
1.4
3.3857
0.8
210
3.4198
1.5
3.3857
0.8
220
3.4198
1.6
3.3857
0.9
230
3.4198
1.6
3.3858
1.0
240
3.4198
1.7
3.3858
1.0
250
3.4199
1.8
3.3859
1.1
260
3.4199
1.9
3.3859
1.2
270
3.4200
2.0
3.3860
1.2
280
3.4200
2.1
3.3861
1.3
290
3.4200
2.2
3.3862
1.4
300
3.4200
2.4
3.3863
1.5
310
3.4200
2.5
3.3865
1.6
320
3.4200
2.7
3.3867
1.7
330
3.4200
2.9
3.3871
1.8
340
3.4200
3.2
3.3875
1.9
350
3.4200
3.4
3.3878
2.1
The estimated uncertainty in the refractive index is ±0.002; the extra significant figure in this table is only given as an indication of the potential precision of the data, which are limited by our knowledge of the sample thickness. The precision of the data, by contrast, depends on the accuracy with which we can locate zero crossings. The uncertainty in the absorption coefficient is estimated to be ±0.2.