Table I
Birefringence of Various Materials (T = 24.8°C)
Wavelength. (Å) Quartz Calcite MgF2 ADP KDP 3000.0 0.010253 −0.207088 0.012402 −0.051160 −0.047393 3250.0 0.010007 −0.198991 0.012296 −0.050168 −0.046333 3500.0 0.009818 −0.193027 0.012198 −0.049378 −0.045405 3750.0 0.009669 −0.188480 0.012116 −0.048727 −0.044806 4000.0 0.009550 −0.184919 0.012049 −0.048172 −0.044221 4250.0 0.009452 −0.182062 0.011993 −0.047687 −0.043708 4500.0 0.009370 −0.179722 0.011947 −0.047251 −0.043247 4750.0 0.009302 −0.177774 0.011007 −0.046851 −0.042825 5000.0 0.009243 −0.176126 0.011873 −0.046477 −0.042430 5250.0 0.009192 −0.174716 0.011843 −0.046124 −0.042054 5500.0 0.009147 −0.173495 0.011817 −0.045782 −0.041694 5750.0 0.009107 −0.172426 0.011794 −0.045452 −0.041341 6000.0 0.009071 −0.171480 0.011774 −0.045127 −0.040995 6250.0 0.009038 −0.170637 0. 011755 −0.044806 −0.040652 6500.0 0.009009 −0.169879 0.011739 −0.044486 −0.040311 6750.0 0.008981 −0.169191 0.011724 −0.044166 −0.039069 7000.0 0.008956 −0.168563 0.011710 −0.043844 −0.039624 7250.0 0.008932 −0.167985 0.011698 −0.043520 −0.039276 7500.0 0.008910 −0.167449 0.011686 −0.043192 −0.038925 7750.0 0.008888 −0.166950 0.011676 −0.042850 −0.038568 8000.0 0.008868 −0.166481 0.011666 −0.042522 −0.038204 8250.0 0.008848 −0.166039 0.011657 −0.042179 −0.037835 8500.0 0.008829 −0.165619 0.011648 −0.041830 −0.037459 8750.0 0.008811 −0.165219 0.011641 −0,041473 −0.037076 9000.0 0.008793 −0.164835 0.011633 −0.041110 −0.036686 9250.0 0.008776 −0.164465 0.011626 −0.040740 −0.036285 9500.0 0.008758 −0.164107 0.011628 −0.040362 −0.035879 9750.0 0.008741 −0.163759 0.011614 −0.039976 −0.035462 10000.0 0.008725 −0.163419 0.011608 −0.039582 −0.035039 10250.0 0.008708 −0.163087 0.011603 −0.039182 −0.034605 10500.0 0.008692 −0.162760 0.011598 −0.038771 −0.034163 10750.0 0.008675 −0.162438 0.011593 −0.038351 −0.033710 11000.0 0.008659 −0.162119 0.011588 −0.037924 −0.033250
Table II
Achromatic Combination of Two Materialsa
Combination Thicknessb (μ ) Max. deviation (%) Full aperture (radians) Quartz +1239.22 ± 7.2 0.42 Calcite + 61.99
Quartz − 908.53 ± 5.2 0.079 MgF2 + 751.55
Quartz +1377.37 ± 8.4 1.00 ADP + 264.05
Quartz + 899.17 ± 5.1 0.88 KDP + 184.67
Calcite + 26.22 ± 6.0 0.042 MgF2 + 433.07
Calcite − 33.63 ±30.8 0.22 ADP + 118.26
Calcite − 41.26 ±23.4 0.18 KDP + 161,38
MgF2 + 45.5-15 ± 0.5 0.086 ADP + 105.52
MgF2 + 377.90 ± 0.4 0.081 KDP + 93.95
ADP − 495.82 ± 1.3 0.026 KDP + 531.20
a Wavelength range 4000–7000 Å.
b Positive if axis parallel to retardation axis. Negative if axis at right angles to retardation axis.
Table III
Achromatic Combination of Two Materialsa
Combination Thicknessb (μ ) Max. deviation (%) Full aperture (radians) Quartz +903.73 ±34.0 0.93 Calcite + 43.79
Quartz −670.24 ±24.6 0.20 MgF2 +572,36
Quartz +645.75 ±36.8 6.17 ADP + 121.39
Quartz +752.52 ±23.9 1.96 KDP +154.96
Calcite + 18.65 ±28.6 0.62 MgF2 +328.62
Calcite − 11.61 ±59.4 0.61 ADP + 37.65
Calcite − 13.03 ±54.1 0.55 KDP + 47.19
MgF2 +390.88 ± 4.5 0.27 ADP + 89.16
MgF2 + 318.79 ± 5.0 0.31 KDP + 77.41
ADP −405.59 ± 8.4 0.060 KDP +432.95
a Wavelength range 3000–11,000 Å.
b Positive if axis parallel to retardation axis. Negative if axis at right angles to retardation axis.
Table IV
Achromatic Combination of Three Materialsa
Combination Thicknessb (μ ) Max. deviation (%) Full aperture (radians) Quartz +6292.37 ±0.2 0.008 Calcite − 155.27 MgF2 + 2637.29
Quartz + 1320.16 ±0.4 0.15 Calcite + 33.94 ADP + 123.15
Quartz + 1053.31 ±0.4 0.18 Calcite + 26.03 KDP + 109.60
Quartz − 39.69 ±0.4 0.061 MgF2 + 470.63 ADP + 101.56
Quart a + 4.09 ±0.4 0.082 MgF2 + 375.98 KDP + 94.30
Quartz + 176.54 ±0.4 0.016 ADP − 405.29 KDP + 470.62
Calcite + 0.97 ±0.4 0.074 MgF2 + 456.84 ADP + 102.27
Calcite − 0.12 ±0.4 0.084 MgF2 + 377.36 KDP + 94.30
Calcite − 5.30 ±0.4 0.014 ADP − 486.56 KDP + 543.18
MgF2 + 389.84 ±0.4 0.082 ADP + 16.39 KDP + 79.34
a Wavelength range 4000–7000 Å.
b Positive if axis parallel to retardation axis. Negative if axis at right angles to retardation axis.
Table V
Achromatic Combination of Three Materialsa
Combination Thickness100 Max. deviation(%) Full aperture (radians) Quartz −4861.06 ±2.6 0.033 Calcite − 115.54 MgF2 + 2113.11
Quartz + 1106.60 ±5.1 0.56 Calcite + 26.21 ADP + 110.12
Quartz + 877.75 ±4.9 0.63 Calcite + 19.78 KDP + 97.42
Quartz + 19.30 ±4.8 0.28 MgF2 + 382.54 ADP + 90.91
Quartz + 34.14 ±4.5 0.30 MgF2 + 310.31 KDP + 82.54
Quartz + 174.16 ±4.2 0.055 ADP − 338.58 KDP + 397.07
Calcite − 0.58 ±4.0 0.30 MgF2 + 388.89 ADP + 90.89
Calcite − 1.46 ±4.7 0.40 MgF2 + 319.23 KDP + 83.71
CaLcite − 5.53 ±4,3 0.049 ADP − 416.35 KDP + 467.33
MgF2 + 413.96 ±4.7 0.33 ADP + 121.39 KDP − 28.81
a Wavelength range 3000–11,000 Å.
b Positive if axis parallel to retardation axis. Negative if axis at right angles to retardation axis.